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Air conditioning is a row of measures aimed at generating and automatic maintenance of set air parameters indoors (so called climate conditions) and which is implemented by technical means. Such parameters include temperature, humidity and intensity of air circulation.
The technological processes coming from the industrial facilities, office appliances and household devices are accompanied by heat emission and liberation of moisture as well as other substances deteriorating the environment.
Excess heat, moisture, harmful vapors, gases and dust are called hazardous emissions.
The amount of released heat, moisture, harmful vapors, gases and dust is calculated when engineering ventilation systems. Then the heat-to-humidity ratio is estimated. The main task of the ventilation and air conditioning system is the maintenance of air environment set parameters indoors as well as the adjusted system for fresh air supply and disposal of contaminated air.
In general air conditioning is the achievement and automatic maintenance of temperature, humidity, cleanness and air circulation parameters which are most appropriate for the presence of people as well as for operation of equipment and implementation of technological processes. These parameters may be both continuous and variable.
Based on the primary function, air conditioning is divided into comfort air conditioning and process air conditioning.
Comfort air conditioning generates air environment parameters in the premises for placing equipment. These parameters are necessary both for operation of equipment and leading technological processes. At the same time the process air conditioning has to provide implementation of hygiene requirements, thus generating comfortable conditions for people working indoors.
The function of air conditioning inside small offices and apartments is implemented with the use of the “split-air” or “multi-split air” conditioners. “Split” means “separated”. The split-system consists of external and internal blocks. Many split-systems are capable of both air cooling and air heating. Nowadays the split-system is the standard for a “cheaper” solution which used to be executed in window air-conditioners in the past.
Split-systems consist of two blocks – internal and external blocks. The internal block is situated inside and the external one is set outside. Heat transfer is carried out by means of forced convection. It means that air is circulated with ventilator through the evaporation unit. The external block is aimed for heat release into environment. This separation allowed the conditioner to be set apart the window opening as the split-system internal block may be placed almost in any place. Due to setting the noisiest unit (compressor) into the external block the generated noise is significantly lower compared to the window air-conditioner.
To summarize, one of the main advantages of the split-air system is a big choice of internal blocks. They are divided into wall-mounted blocks, floor-mounted blocks, ceiling-mounted blocks, column-type cases and cassette and channel blocks which are integrated into the suspended ceiling. Wall-mounted split-air units are usually used in flats and small offices. In case the required cooling capacity exceeds 7 kW other split-air systems may be used – cassette blocks or channel blocks in premises of irregular shape, ceiling-type blocks for glass partitions, column split-systems for restaurant halls. It should be noted that the majority of cassette or channel split-systems may also be used with fresh air inlets.
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