Design of ventilation and air conditioning automation systems
Automation systems are necessary to control ventilation and air conditioning systems.
Comfortable conditions in offices, trade centers, premium apartments are usually generated due to the microclimate control which depends on such conditions as the weather, building operation mode, time of the day, process requirements, etc.
These requirements help save not only the power resources but also the number of operational staff and help secure equipment in emergency situations.
Automation of ventilation systems shall provide the following:
- Automatic or manual switch on/off any ventilation system depending on time of the day and number of people indoors
- Maintain set air parameters
- Control the fan rotation frequency
- Provide a soft motor launch
- Prevent a hot-water calorifer from freezing
- Indicate the filter pollution level
Automation of air conditioners shall provide the following:
- Continuous control for air conditioning systems
- Automatic maintenance of set temperature and humidity in separate premises and in a whole building
The automation system of ventilation consists of the following:
Sensors. They serve to get data on environment parameters in a certain area of the building and chosen based on process conditions, a required precision of parameter measurements and measurements range.
Types of sensors:
- Temperature sensors (room or outdoor sensors, attachable or duct sensors depending on the conditions)
- Humidity sensors (room or duct sensors)
- Pressure sensors (pressure relays or analog pressure sensors)
- Flow sensors (swirl valve sensors, turbine flow sensors, blade flow sensors, tapered flow sensors, rotor sensors, electromagnetic sensors and ultrasonic sensors)
- Carbon dioxide concentration sensors
Regulators. Regulators are one of the key system elements which provide control for operation mechanisms depending on sensor counts and set parameters.
Types of regulators:
- Temperature regulators (bimetallic regulators, capillary or electronic thermostats)
- Controllers
- Mechanically operated controllers (temperature controllers, pressure controllers)
Operation mechanisms are the driving parts of the executive units and divided into mechanical, electric and hydraulic.
Types of mechanisms:
- Valves (two- and three-way valves, threaded and flanged valves, butterfly valves, non-return valves, etc.)
- Chokes (throttle valves, gate valves)
- Slide valves
- Electric drives (classified based on the supply voltage or torque. Based on the control method they are classified as the following: stepless control, on/off control, three-state control. Based on the return to initial position electric drives are classified as the following: spring-type return or reversing motor-type return to initial position)
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