Design of smoke exhaust systems and smoke protection

Nowadays special attention is paid to engineering of efficient smoke prevention facilities at the process of engineering and reconstruction works of residential and industrial buildings. Such systems shall be used in all premises without natural ventilation, for example, metros, lifts, pits, hospitals, tunnels, stairways, high constructions with lots of corridors, etc.

There are two types of smoke prevention systems – smoke exhaust systems and air pressure systems.

Smoke exhaust systems are aimed at removing smoke of high concentration from premises including such other hazardous combustion products as ashes and small particles. A well-engineered air duct system helps remove  smoke screening which is formed in case of a fire situation. It is easily removed from the premises without a harmful effect for people and material values.      

Smoke exhaust systems are divided into two types. They can be static and dynamic.

A static smoke exhaust system is the system which can stop operation of all ventilation systems. Such method helps prevent spread of smoke from one premise to another. At the same time the smoke is not extracted from the premise but the system operates to extinguish or abate fire by reducing air flow to the fire source. 

A dynamic smoke exhaust system is the system which launches fan units that are working one by one removing polluted air and taking in fresh air. It means that a flow of fresh air is getting inside the premise for people who leave the flame area.

Smoke exhaust systems consist of the following parts:

• A smoke exhaust fan
• Air ducts “P” class with flanged joints
• Smoke exhaust vents with electric drives
• Automatic units

Air conduits for smoke exhaust systems are engineered from carbon steel with 1-2 mm thickness of circular or rectangular cross-section in the metal welded form. These air conduits are the only ones to withstand temperatures above 600°C.

Air pressure or air supply systems generate a high air pressure in separate zones which serve as the ways for evacuation. Due to the pressure difference there is no way for polluted air to get inside.

Air supply systems consist of pressurization fans and air ducts “P” class with flanged joints.

Engineering and calculation of smoke prevention systems is executed based on the necessary air conditions and air cleanliness indoors, the lowest vibration and noise levels at the course of the system operation, full secure operation of the smoke exhaust system in case of emergency situations.

Current requirements allow the smoke exhaust systems to provide continuous operation in high temperatures what guarantees a fault-free operation in case of a fire situation.

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